Research Articles Open Access

Reliability of Different Scoring Patterns in Project Competitions: A Simulation Study with Generalizability Theory

  • Mehmet IRMAK Esat Sivri Secondary School; Esat Sivri Secondary School
    Author
    • Conceptualization
    • Data Curation
    • Formal Analysis
    • Methodology
    • Writing – Original Draft Preparation
    • Writing – Review & Editing
    Reliability of Different Scoring Patterns in Project Competitions: A Simulation Study with Generalizability Theory

    Authors

    • Mehmet IRMAK Esat Sivri Secondary School , Esat Sivri Secondary School

    DOI:

    https://doi.org/10.64782/istlj.2250273-298

    Keywords:

    Project Evaluation, Generalisability Theory, Nested Pattern, Crossed Pattern, Simulation Study, Rater Reliability

    Highlights

    Key findings for this article are provided in the article file.

    Abstract

    Project-based learning, which enables students to learn by using scientific research methods required in the information age, holds an important place today in fostering generations who produce and innovate rather than merely consume. In this context, award-based project competitions (e.g., TÜBİTAK, Teknofest, Ministry of Education competitions) are organized to promote project-based learning and encourage students to engage more in this field. The aim of this methodological study is to construct different designs based on Generalizability Theory for the evaluation processes of project competitions and to reveal the influence of different raters on these processes. A simulated dataset reflecting the evaluation structure of project competitions on robotics and coding was used in the study. Ten separate projects, three raters specialized in project writing, and six raters specialized in information technologies participated. In the first of the two designs developed—the crossed design (b × m × p)—10 projects were evaluated by three project-writing experts; in the second, the nested design (b × (p:m)), raters were nested within items such that some items for each of the 10 projects were scored by project-writing experts while others were scored by information technology experts. G- and D-studies were conducted by analyzing the data, and G and Phi coefficients obtained under different numbers of items and raters were examined in detail. According to the simulation results, while measurement operations conducted with both the crossed and nested designs yielded high reliability for relative decisions, they did not produce adequate values for absolute decisions. Decision studies showed that reliability increased in both designs as the number of raters increased. The findings indicate that having all raters evaluate all criteria in project competitions may yield more reliable results than distributing items according to areas of expertise. This methodological comparison provides valuable insights to educational institutions and organizers for making evidence-based decisions when designing evaluation processes.

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    IRMAK, M. (2025). Reliability of Different Scoring Patterns in Project Competitions: A Simulation Study with Generalizability Theory. International Society That Learn Journal, 2(2), 273-298. https://doi.org/10.64782/istlj.2250273-298

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    Published

    01.12.2025

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